Let's assume that the following titles were taken from experimental research studies. What sort of design do you believe would have been best in each case? What is your rationale?

Billings, D.M., & Cobb, K.L. (1992). Effects of learning style preferences, attitude, and GPA on learner achievement using computer assisted interactive videodisc instruction. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 19, 12-16.

Kline, D.E. (1992). A study of student achievement utilizing different pacing strategies for textual and pictorial information. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 19, 64-68.

Owens, E.W., & Waxman, H. C. (1995). Differences among urban, suburban, and rural schools on technology access and use in eighth-grade mathematics classrooms. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 24, 83-92.