Following are examples of
common citation structures you're likely to include in reference lists that accompany the reports/papers you’ll prepare in
your EdTec classes. The goals are simple but profound: professional appearance and structure … and accurate attribution.
But this job aid IS ABSOLUTELY NOT DESIGNED TO be the sole
resource on which you rely. Make sure you have a plan for double-checking any
reference list you generate (and IN-NARRATIVE citations) against APA! [For example, the APA publication manual and the separately-sold reference that
covers electronic resources are both in the IML—just waiting for you to ask for
them!]
Keep in mind that all of the examples are FICTITIOUS! All
page references refer to the FIFTH edition of the APA guide.
Magazine—as opposed to
a peer-reviewed journal (#6, pg. 241):
Cleveland, J. A. (1996, November).
The comprehensive exam: What does the test really assess? Training & Development, 17, 115-118.
Journal, two authors (#s 1 and 2, pg. 240):
Stevenson, B. A., & Russell, A.
J. (2001). Working with the tired student who just submitted the comprehensive
exam. Journal of Educational Research, 55(2),
18-36.
Caveat:
When an article has been authored by
more than 6 people (egads!), list the first six
authors ... and then use et al. For
example:
Stevens, J., Billings, T. D., Cramer,
L., Dolt, B. E., Shuster, E., Lewis, T. J., et al. (2000). Working with the
tired student who just submitted the comprehensive exam. Journal of Educational Research, 55(2), 18-36.
Newspaper article, no author (#9, pg. 242):
School police plan for increased
safety (2001, September 19). The San
Diego Union-Tribune, p. B6.
Newspaper article (ONLINE/no author; retrieved via a search
of the archives) (#89, pg. 249):
School police plan for increased
safety (2001, September 19). The San
Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved March 2, 2003, from
http://www.signonsandiego.com/
Letter to the editor/newspaper (#11, pg. 243)
Smith, L. V. (2001, October 25). How
to write a good comps question: Help for professors lacking creativity. [Letter
to the editor]. The Los Angeles Times,
p. C27.
Message posted to an online forum or discussion group (#86,
pg. 278)
Dearborn, S. B. (2002, Aug 12). Zero
tolerance in schools [Msg 1]. Message posted to American
Evaluation Association Discussion List (EvalTalk) at
EVALTALK@BAMA.UA.EDU
Book, edited (#25, pg. 249)
Gómez, V. (Ed.). (1987). The United States in film: A sweep of the
past 60 years. New York: Longman.
Book (single author) that's in its third edition (#27, pg.
249)
Gómez, V. R., Jr. (1992).
The United States in film: A sweep of the past 60 years (3rd ed.). Augusta,
GA: Longman.
Book, no author or editor ... like a dictionary (#26, pg.
249)
Merriam-Webster's
collegiate dictionary (200th ed.).
Springfield, IL: Merriam-Webster.
[You'll want to review #30 as well
... pg. 250.]
Chapter in an edited book, one author/two editors (#34, pg.
252 )
Brazil, L. L. (1998). What it's like
to take the comprehensive exam. In H. E. Green & B. L. Jones (Eds.), My life as a test-taker (pp. 21-42).
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
ERIC Report ... should be able to use this for a Digest as
well (#43, pg. 257)
Osborne, K. A., & Kittner, B. (1992).
Let's take the comps together (ERIC Digest No. 15). Eugene, OR: ERIC
Clearinghouse on Educational Management. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service
No. ED425672)
Unpublished paper, presented at a meeting/conference (#52,
pg. 260)
Susans, J. B. (1994, February). Early results on home schooling. Paper presented at the annual
meeting of Computer Using Educators, Sacramento, CA.
Unpublished dissertation (#56, pg. 262)
Willey, T. E. (1997). Thank goodness I finished graduate school:
I gained 50 pounds in the process. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University
of Arizona.
Article in an Internet-only journal (#72, pg. 272)
Tobey, S. R. (2002). I need a vacation; I deserve one. Journal of the Exhausted, 35. Retrieved
February 2, 2003, from http://www.coe.edu/abcdef/index.htm
Article in an electronic
version of a journal: (#71, pg. 271)
Tobey, S. R. (2002). I need a vacation; I deserve one [Electronic version]. Journal of the Exhausted, 35, 17-34.
Article in a journal you’ve downloaded from a database such
as WilsonWeb or EBSCO .. where page #s are provided
in the citation, but may not be
within the download itself (#90, pg. 279)
Tobey, S. R. (2002). I need a
vacation; I deserve one. Journal of the
Exhausted, 35, 17-34. Retrieved February 2, 2003, from Academic Search
Elite (EBSCO) database.
Document available on a university or department website
... messy, but this should work (#78, pg. 274)
Cintas, B. E. (2001).
TE 925 -- Helping the young child: Week 8. Retrieved November 2, 2001 from
San Diego State University, College of Education, School of Teacher Education
website: http://coe.sdsu.edu/lmnop/index.html
Stand-alone document, no author, no date ... SO, probably
not your best choice of a reference! (#77, pg. 274)
Technology
user survey. (n.d.).
Retrieved August 25, 2000, from http://www.abc.com/users/user_survey/survey.htm
FINALLY, APA 5 does a fine job of covering ...
• how
you incorporate secondary sources into your narrative ... and then handle them
in your reference list -- on pg.247. This is the one that will get you in trouble; I ENCOURAGE you to
review this section before submitting your paper.
• how
to reference personal communications within the narrative and what constitutes a personal communication -- on pg. 214.
• when
it's necessary to cite the database from which an article is downloaded ... and
when it's not (see pgs 271 and 278). APA
does recognize that today's materials are available from multiple venues.